<p>The Everett Carnegie Library is a Carnegie library building located in Everett, Washington, USA listed on the National Register of Historic Places and part of the Snohomish County Government campus. The building occupies the southeast corner of the intersection of Oakes Avenue and Wall Street in the city&#39;s central business district. It was constructed in 1904 with a gift of US$25,000 from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie for the purpose of constructing a public library. The architectural firm of Heide and deNeuf designed the building using the Pomona, California Public Library and Boston Public Library as its models. The library opened on July 1, 1905, with a newly purchased stock of 4,000 volumes on its shelves. It operated until 1935, when it was superseded by the new Everett Public Library at 2702 Hoyt Avenue which opened in October 1934. The building became the Cassidy Funeral Home from 1935 to 1980. Snohomish County took ownership in 1980, installing the offices of the County Executive. Subsequently, the building was occupied by the Snohomish County Museum of History, a three-year arrangement that ended in 2011 when lease negotiations with the county failed. Although it is part of the Snohomish County Government Complex, as of 2015 the Carnegie Building stood vacant.</p><br>
<p>Everett City Hall is the name given to a building located in Everett, Washington listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building originally served as the city hall when it was built in the 1920s. However, for all practical purposes it no longer serves this role, as the mayor&#39;s office and city administration have since relocated to the Wall Street Building a block down the road. The building is currently used by the police department and by the city council to hold public meetings.</p><br>
<h2>Renaming effort</h2><br>
<p>In the summer of 2011, members of the community proposed that the building be renamed "William E. Moore Historic City Hall" in honor of Bill Moore, who served as mayor of Everett from 1977 to 1990. However, the nonprofit group Historic Everett pointed out that the proposal violates a city policy that prohibits renaming buildings that are on historical registries. The city council voted unanimously in 2012 to relax the naming policy, and also name the building after Moore. A formal dedication ceremony was held on September 13, 2014, installing a plaque at the building.</p><br>
<p>The Weyerhaeuser Office Building is a building located in Everett, Washington listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building was built in 1923. Weyerhaeuser, at the time the largest employer in Everett, commissioned architect Carl Gould to design a 6,000-square-foot building that would showcase local wood varieties such as fir, cedar, and hemlock. The building houses a two-story, concrete-and-steel, 160 ton vault that was originally used to store the company payroll. The Gothic-style structure was erected at the company&#39;s first Everett plant, known as Mill A.</p><br>
<p>The building was first moved by barge in 1938. It was located up the Snohomish River to the company&#39;s Mill B, located near the Legion Memorial Golf Course. The structure served as an office space until the mill closed in 1979.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the building was donated to the Port of Everett. It was relocated at the Ports south marina. The structure served as an office space for the Chamber of Commerce in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>In July 2016, the structure was relocated to Boxcar Park, located within the Esplanade District at the water&#39;s edge. The building will be renamed the Weyerhaeuser Muse and is planned to be modified into a performance venue and marina clubhouse. The building is estimated to re-open in the year 2020.</p><br>
<p>North Creek School is a school building located in Bothell, Washington listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1902, it served as a school for 18 years. The first teacher was Edgar Turner, who homesteaded at the present Turners Corner . Another of the schools teachers was Charles V. Beardslee, who came to the Bothell area in the late 1880s. After closing in 1920, it served as a meeting location for the Canyon Park Community Club until about 1950. It was then used for storage for many years, deteriorating from lack of use and nonattendance.</p><br>
<p>Originally located on the northwest corner of 31st Avenue S.E. and 228th Street S.E., about one mile east of Canyon Park Shopping Center, in 2008 the schoolhouse was moved to Centennial Park at 1129 208th Street SE.</p><br>
<p>The Guenther House is a restaurant, museum and store located at 205 E. Guenther Street in the Bexar County city of San Antonio in the USA state of Texas. Currently operated by C. H. Guenther and Son. Inc., the home was originally built as a private residence in 1859 by Pioneer Flour Mills founder Carl Hilmar Guenther. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bexar County, Texas in 1972 as a contributing structure of the King William Historic District. On October 11, 1990, it received an individual NRHP listing in addition to its 1972 contributing property listing.</p><br>
<h2>C.H.Guenther personal life and background</h2><br>
<p>Carl Hilmar Guenther (1826–1902).was one of eight children born to millwright Carl Gottfried Guenther and his wife Johanne Rosina Koerner Guenther on March 19, 1826 in Weißenfels, Germany. Like his father, he had been trained to be a millwright, and in 1844 became a member of the guild of master millwrights in Europe. He also had trade skills as a cabinet maker and stonemason. In 1848, Guenther traveled to the United States. Guenther declared his intention to become a United States citizen on June 28, 1851. Citizenship was granted to him on October 8, 1854. He became a Justice of the Peace in 1856. On October 7, 1855, Guenther married Dorothea Pape. The couple had seven children. Guenther died on October 18, 1902, in San Antonio and was buried beside his wife in San Antonio City Cemetery No. 1.</p><br>
<h2>Emigration to Texas</h2><br>
<p>Guenther&#39;s first visit to the United States was in 1848 through the port of New York with a sojourn in Wisconsin before returning to Germany. Three years later, Guenther returned through Indianola, Texas, at the time a major entry port for German immigrants.</p><br>
<h3>Gillespie County</h3><br>
<p>He relocated southwest of Fredericksburg at Live Oak Creek, near the present site of Lady Bird Johnson Municipal Park, and began constructing his dream of a gristmill. His steam-operated mill was built with imported French millstones. Inclement weather conditions came close to washing away the unfinished mill in a flood. Nevertheless, Guenther persevered and completed what would become known as Pioneer Flour Mills, a wheat and corn operation that served the area residents of Gillespie County.</p><br>
<h3>San Antonio</h3><br>
<p>Recurring periods of alternating floods and drought prompted Guenther in 1859 to reassess his situation. After seeing the need for mills to serve San Antonio&#39;s growing population, Guenther made the decision to move his base of operations there The site for his new mill would be on land directly adjacent to what became known as the King William Historic District.</p><br>
<h3>King William District home</h3><br>
<p>Guenther&#39;s home was one of the first built in the King William District. He began construction of his vernacular native limestone home in the district at King William and Guenther streets. The stones were quarried in the area that now is Brackenridge Park, and wood used in the construction was East Texas pine. The original entrance to the house faced southward towards the mill. A 1915 expansion of the house, changed the entrance to the north side, fronting the San Antonio River. The original entrance now serves as a hallway between the museum and the River Mill Store part of the house. The top floor of the house is known as the Roof Garden and once hosted dances. The space is currently used for large meetings or luncheons. The south side of the house now has a patio and arbor for outdoor dining.</p><br>
<p>An area of the house that once served as the library, is now the museum containing family keepsakes, as well as artifacts of milling, dining and baking history in San Antonio. Travel souvenirs from around the world are also part of the museum. The museum, store and restaurant are open to the public 7 days a week.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Kuehle Investment Property, also known as the Gottsacker Grocery Building, in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon is a two-story commercial building listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in Bungalow/Craftsman style in 1909, it was added to the register in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The building is a nearly intact example of the wooden commercial-residential buildings that were common in central southeast Portland in the early 20th century. Features include a hip roof, hip dormers, red brick chimneys, exaggerated eaves, and narrow lapped siding. Along the first-floor front of the building are three storefront bays. Two polygonal bays project from opposite ends of the front of the second floor, while two similar bays project from the north face of the second floor.</p><br>
<p>Originally, the ground floor was meant to accommodate three storefronts, each with its own entrance, but the building was altered to allow a single business to use the combined space. The second floor was designed for residential apartments, which were entered through a separate entrance opening on a stairway leading to an upstairs lobby, access halls, and stairs to the attic.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After the construction of bridges over the Willamette River in the late 19th century and subsequent extension of trolley lines over the river, southeast Portland expanded rapidly. By World War I, dense neighborhoods had replaced the scattered housing and open farmland that had characterized the area in the 1880s. Mixed commercial and residential properties came to dominate the first 12 blocks east of the river.</p><br>
<p>During this period, Henry Kuehle invested money from his successful carriage and automobile business in other ventures. These included construction of the Henry Kuehle Investment Property, which stayed in the Kuehle family until 1972. In 1910, Edward J. and Anna Gottsacker, renting from Kuehle, opened Gottsacker Grocery and Meats on the first floor and lived in one of the second-floor apartments. Moving to Oregon from Wisconsin in the 1880s, they operated a bakery and candy store elsewhere in the city before starting the grocery. The Gottsacker family ran the store for more than 30 years.</p><br>
<p>The Gogebic County Courthouse is a government building located on North Moore Street in Bessemer, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Gogebic County was split from Ontonagon County in 1887. The county immediately started work on a courthouse, jail, and sheriff&#39;s office. The buildings were designed by the firm of Charlton and Kuenzli, and constructed in 1888 for $50,000 by contractor Herman Gundlach.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was enlarged in 1915. In 1974, the original jail and sheriff&#39;s office were demolished and replaced, and an elevator tower and annex to the courthouse were constructed.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Gogebic County Courthouse symbolizes the cooperative effort of individuals, industries, and skilled workers in the Bessemer area in constructing a finely crafted building. It is a regional landmark, built when Gogebic County was a booming mining area, and reflects the economic prosperity of the times and the enthusiasm of county residents at a time when Gogebic County was a newly created political entity.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Gogebic County Courthouse is a rectangular Romanesque red sandstone building, two stories tall with a full basement. It has a hipped roof and a four-story square tower on the front facade. The entrance is through a carved, round arched entryway in the base of the tower. Farther up the tower are rectangular windows with transons, surrounded by carved stone, and a porthole window. A dentilated cornice runs around the roofline of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Ironwood City Hall was a government building located at the corner of McLeod Avenue and Norfolk Street in Ironwood, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1975, and demolished in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city of Ironwood was first settled in 1885 as the commercial center of the newly opening Gogebic iron range. The city was incorporated in 1889, and hired architect George Mennie to design a new city hall. This building was constructed the following year. It initially housed the city jail, police department, fire station, library, and city offices. The library was moved in 1901 and the city offices in 1923; since then the police and fire departments exclusively used the building. In 1918, a horse barn and a metal stairway were added to the side facade. The building was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1975 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, but was demolished in 1989. The site now houses the Gogebic County Transit.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Ironwood City Hall was a two-story, rectangular, vernacular Richardsonian structure with an exterior of tan brick with smooth brownstone belt cornices on a foundation of rough cut brown sandstone. The hip roof was covered in steel, and an eighty-foot-high tower, originally capped with a pagoda-roofed open turret, was located on one corner. There were several ground-floor entrances, including a tower entrance, a double door for fire equipment, and entrances to the police station and library. The windows were rectangular and symmetrically arranged, with decorative windows in wall dormers on the upper story. Decorative trim, including gable pilasters and finials, chimney caps and cornices, appeared bulbuous and weighty.</p><br>
<p>Mud Spring, formerly Aquaje Lodoso, is a spring and historic site in the western Antelope Valley, within northern Los Angeles County, southern California.</p><br>
<p>It is located the western Mojave Desert at an elevation of 2,871 ft, north of Lake Hughes and east of the Tehachapi Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>El Camino Viejo</h3><br>
<p>Aquaje Lodoso was a watering place on the Spanish and Mexican El Camino Viejo inland north-south route in colonial Alta California. It was located between Elizabeth Lake and Cow Spring water sources.</p><br>
<p>It was also a watering place on the Old Tejon Pass road between the Antelope and San Joaquin Valleys.</p><br>
<h3>Stockton - Los Angeles Road</h3><br>
<p>The Butterfield Overland Mail 1st Division had a station operating at Mud Springs, on the Stockton - Los Angeles Road.</p><br>
<p>In 1860, a correspondent of the Daily Alta California wrote an account of his travel by stagecoach to Los Angeles from San Francisco. He mentions that the Butterfield Overland Mail (1857-1861) had a station operating at Mud Springs in 1860.</p><br>
<p>It was 14 mi east from French Johns Station, and 13 mi north from Claytons—Widow Smith&#39;s Station near San Francisquito Pass in the Sierra Pelona Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The Ingham County Courthouse is an historic government building located at 315 South Jefferson Street in Mason, Ingham County, Michigan. It occupies an entire city block bounded by South Jefferson, East Ash, South Barnes and East Maple Street. Constructed from 1902 to 1904, it is Ingham County&#39;s third courthouse and the second on this block, which is directly north of the site of the first courthouse. Designed by noted Lansing architect Edwyn A. Bowd in the Beaux Arts style of architecture, it was built by George W. Rickman and Sons Company of Kalamazoo.</p><br>
<p>The Ingham County Courthouse was listed on the Michigan Register of Historic Places on May 18, 1971 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 1971.</p><br>
<p>Today building is still used as the Ingham County Courthouse, although much of its original functions are conducted at the Veterans Memorial Courthouse at 313 West Kalamazoo Street and at other locations in Lansing, the county&#39;s largest city as well as the capital of Michigan.</p><br>
<h2>In the news</h2><br>
<p>Famous trials, real or fictional, which have taken place here include:</p><br>
<p>1969: The Algiers Motel incident murder trial of Detroit police officer Ronald August was moved to the Ingham County Courthouse from Wayne County after the publication of John Hersey&#39;s 1968 book on the incident.</p><br>
<p>2011: The courthouse scenes of the film Real Steel starring Hugh Jackman were taken at the Ingham County Courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The Zhengzhou Shang City  is an archaeological site in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. Based upon examination of the soil in the walls of the site, it was built about 3,570 years ago, during the middle Shang dynasty. The excavation of the site has great importance in understanding the history of Shang dynasty.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The archaeologist Han Weizhou discovered the site in 1950. In the spring of 1951, a group of Chinese Science Academy members came to research in Zhengzhou. They collected some specimens and confirmed that it was indeed of Shang dynasty, and even older than the Shang city of Yinxu in Anyang.</p><br>
<p>Erligang is the type site of Erligang culture. This is the area located outside the giant walls of the ancient city. Starting in 1952, the first formal archaeological excavations at Erligang began. Also the east area of Luoyang was explored. In 1954, the archaeologist An Jinhuai and staff conducted a large-scale excavation in this area. The site of the city walls was identified to be of Shang dynasty in 1955. The living area of the royal families was found in the northeast part of Shang City. The excavation was forced to stop because of the Cultural Revolution.</p><br>
<p>In 1971, An Jinhuai reorganized the archaeological group to continue excavations when he had a chance to go back to Zhengzhou. In 1973, they found ruins of many buildings of differing sizes made of hangtu. This turned out to be the palace area. Archaeologists found numerous other sites in this area. The excavations are difficult because the modern city covers most of the ancient city area.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>The city was in a rectangular form. And the perimeter of the city walls is 6960 meters with 11 gaps that might be city gates. The wall of the north city was about 1690 meters. The west one was about 1870 meters while the south one and east one were both 1700 meters. The base width of the wall was around 20 meters. The top width was more than 5 meters and it might be about 10 meters when it was built. The palaces were located in the northeast of the city,and inside there were facilities to store water made of stones. There were also some small buildings. They were considered to be the places where the slaves lived. People also found the living area of civilians inside the city. There was an agricultural land, and that was a characteristic of early cities. Out of city, there was a site of handiwork workshop.</p><br>
<p>Wadi Sallah is an branch of the Wadi Farah where a small cave is located in the Palestinian Tubas Governorate in the northeastern West Bank, located five kilometers southwest of Tubas. The cave was discovered and excavated by Francis Turville-Petre between 1925 and 1926. It contained an occupational Heavy Neolithic archaeological site of the Qaraoun culture. This culture was without pottery and typically used large axes for chopping lumber, cutting wood and felling trees such as the cedars of Lebanon in preparation for the domestication of emmer wheat and the Neolithic Revolution. Levels II and III of Turville-Petres excavations revealed deposits of flints and potsherds. The pottery was later in date that the Heavy Neolithic material, which included heavy blades , massive flake scrapers, and pieces with denticulation, all similar to those found at Shemouniyeh and Wadi Fa&#39;rah. Several arrowheads were also found that were pressure flaked, generally tanged and leaf-shaped. One of these was of the Amuq 2 type.</p><br>
<p>The Otoe County Courthouse is home to the county seat of Otoe County, Nebraska in Nebraska City, Nebraska. The building contains both the Nebraska City Court and the Otoe County Court along with the government and law enforcement offices of both. The building sits at 1021 Central Avenue in Nebraska City.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse is currently on the National Register of Historic Places and the oldest public building in the state of Nebraska.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original courthouse, a simple two-story building, was built in 1865 by William R. Craig and F. W. Wood, costing $22,500 at the time. This was a vast improvement upon its predecessors, consisting of small offices in local stores and a cabin at one point. The first addition was completed in 1882. This added a large wing to the square building where the courts and department offices are today. In 1936, an identical wing was added with similar purposes. A mural outside the courtrooms shows the history of Nebraska City and of the courthouse.</p><br>
<p>Montpelier Crescent is a mid 19th-century crescent of 38 houses in the Montpelier suburb of Brighton, part of the English coastal city of Brighton and Hove. Built in five parts as a set-piece residential development in the rapidly growing seaside resort, the main part of the crescent was designed between 1843 and 1847 by prominent local architect Amon Henry Wilds and is one of his most distinctive compositions. Extra houses were added at both ends of the crescent in the mid-1850s. Unlike most other squares, terraces and crescents in Brighton, it does not face the sea—and the view it originally had towards the South Downs was blocked within a few years by a tall terrace of houses opposite. Montpelier was an exclusive and "salubrious" area of Brighton, and Montpelier Crescent has been called its "great showpiece". Wildss central section has been protected as Grade II* listed, with the later additions listed separately at the lower Grade II. The crescent is in one of the citys 34 conservation areas, and forms one of several "outstanding examples of late Regency architecture" within it.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brighton (originally known as Brighthelmston) developed as a large fishing and agricultural village on the English Channel coast. Despite intermittent periods of decline and destitution, it was the largest town in the county of Sussex by 1600. In the mid-18th century, the damaging economic effects of a terminal decline in the fishing industry were reversed by the new fashion for sea-bathing, and the towns new role as a seaside resort began. Northwest of the old town, around the parish church and the road leading to Devils Dyke and on to London, was an expanse of gently sloping downland known as Church Hill. It was given over to sheep-grazing and was owned by two prominent locals: MP Thomas Kemp and John Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset.</p><br>
<p>Helped by royal patronage (particularly from the Prince Regent) and good transport links to London and other important towns, By this time, Church Hill—ideally situated close to the sea and the town&#39;s main attractions, largely undeveloped and with a pleasant southwesterly aspect—was developing as a high-class residential area called Montpelier. Montpelier Road was laid out from 1820 as a major road running from the seafront to the Ditchling Road, Prominent local architect Amon Henry Wilds is believed to have designed it, although his father Amon Wilds may have been involved.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Read Kemps finances were overstretched by his involvement with the Kemp Town estate east of Brighton, and by the time he fled to France in 1837 he had sold or given away most of his landholding in the Montpelier area. Parcels of land were bought by builders and speculators, and a series of carefully planned "set-piece" residential developments were laid out. and was one of Brighton Cricket Clubs venues. Amon Henry Wilds was commissioned to design the first set of houses; in view of the vast scale he worked to, which was unusual on a site so far inland from the coast, The houses lacked a sea view, as they faced northwest towards the open land of the South Downs. Between the east side of Vernon Terrace and the crescent, a curved area of green space was retained.</p><br>
<p>The section completed in 1847, consisting of paired and tripartite groups of linked villas (a unique arrangement within Brighton), comprised house numbers 7 to 31 inclusive. Two wings flanking the original crescent were added in the mid-1850s, taking the number of houses to 38. They had a different, slightly less elaborate design: for example, they lacked the tall Classical-style pilasters and Wilds&#39;s characteristic ammonite capitals, as seen on the earlier houses. All houses were comparatively plain inside: features included characteristic Victorian decorative mouldings and wooden staircases.</p><br>
<p>The crescent has changed little since its construction, although some buildings at the north end (adjacent to the present number 1) were demolished in the late 19th century to allow Seven Dials, a major road junction, to be built. The buildings are shown in a steel engraving dated approximately 1856, which also suggests that the crescent was closed at one end with railings which also continued around the gardens.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage</h2><br>
<p>The older central section of Montpelier Crescent (incorporating numbers 7–31) was listed at Grade II* on 13 October 1952. The mid-1850s section were separately listed at the lower Grade II in four parts, covering numbers 1–3, 4–6, 32–33 and 34–38.</p><br>
<p>Montpelier Crescent forms part of the 75.4 acre Montpelier & Clifton Hill Conservation Area, one of 34 conservation areas in the city of Brighton and Hove. This area was designated by the council in 1973. and "probably one of Brighton&#39;s most famous landmarks", the council has identified several features by which Montpelier Crescent contributes to the character of the conservation area. Good tree cover, both in the back gardens the use of pale cream-coloured paint to improve the architectural harmony of the façades, the existence of a rare "Edward VII"-style pillar box, and the relationship with the "imposing" Vernon Terrace opposite, create "a townscape of outstanding quality".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Work took place over the course of more than 10 years (Wilds completed the central section in 1847, and the other parts were added in about 1855), and the differences in design make the crescent "difficult to appreciate as a single composition". Despite this lack of coherence, the overall effect is of a "magnificent sweeping crescent". The development took place at the point in Brightons development when Regency architecture was evolving into the Victorians interpretation of the Italianate style. Amon Henry Wilds designed four landmark residential crescents, of which Montpelier Crescent was the third; the others were Hanover Crescent (Brighton), Park Crescent (Brighton) and Park Crescent (Worthing).</p><br>
<h3>1–3 Montpelier Crescent</h3><br>
<p>These three houses rise to three storeys and form a slightly outward-curving nine-bay composition whose outermost bays (containing the entrances for numbers 1 and 3) are recessed. The curved effect is much less pronounced than in the centre of the crescent. At first-floor level, a cast iron balcony supported on brackets spans the other seven bays. The houses are topped by a parapet which is supported on a modillion cornice and which continues round the side elevation of number 1, which faces Clifton Hill. Each house has a three-window range; those at first-floor level have architraves of various styles (flat cornices, curved pediments and triangular pediments), while at the top floor original sash windows survive. The doors, which are four-panelled and have decorative fanlights, are set in porches flanked by pilasters and topped by an entablature. The ground-floor walls are heavily rusticated. The roof has chimneys at the sides and is hidden behind the continuous parapet.</p><br>
<h3>4–6 Montpelier Crescent</h3><br>
<p>Similar to their neighbours at the end of the crescent, these three houses have three windows to each of three storeys and have stuccoed, partly rusticated façades which curve outwards slightly. There are differences as well: the outer bays of the outermost houses are not recessed, every window is set in a moulded surround with pedimental architraves and "unusual" wreath-shaped decoration, and the slate-tiled roof (a hipped mansard) is visible behind the low parapet and cornice. The roof also has dormer windows.</p><br>
<h3>7–31 Montpelier Crescent</h3><br>
<p>The 25 houses in the original section of the crescent form a northwest-facing concave curve. The composition consists of ten "blocks", each linked to the next by a recessed one- or two-storey wing and each with either two or three houses Invented by George Dance the Younger but popularised by Wilds, the shell-shaped volutes of the capitals recall ammonite fossils. Other Wilds-built houses in Castle Place, Western Terrace, Oriental Place, Hanover Crescent, Old Steine and Montpelier Road display them.</p><br>
<p>Each house has three windows to each storey (except numbers 24 and 25, with four each); in some cases, original sash windows survive, and window surrounds vary between straight-headed and round-arched. Many are flanked by small pilasters supporting an entablature. Each block is capped by a large pediment supported on full-height fluted Corinthian pilasters. Many of these pilasters are topped with ammonite capitals, and there are some slight differences: the pilasters at number 29 lack fluting, and those at number 30 have a panelled pattern. The stucco is rusticated at ground-floor level. Some houses have cast iron balconies at either first- or ground-floor level; the latter are more intricate and are later additions.</p><br>
<h3>32–33 Montpelier Crescent</h3><br>
<p>This pair of stucco-fronted houses are not symmetrical: number 32 (the more southerly of the two) has three windows to each storey, but number 33 has four. They are both flat-fronted with no curve, and share a slate mansard roof in which small dormer windows are inset. This spans the central five bays; the outermost bays are set back, have partly vermiculated quoins on their inner sides, and have an entrance (with a fanlight and a segmental arch) at ground-floor level. There are cast iron balconies at ground- and first-floor level; the former runs across the width of the building, whereas each first-floor window has an individual balcony. Some windows have decorative pediments and architraves.</p><br>
<h3>34–38 Montpelier Crescent</h3><br>
<p>The northern end of Montpelier Crescent curves outwards and ends (at number 38) in a large projecting bay. At ground-floor level across the whole width of the five-house terrace is heavy rustication. The roof is hidden behind a parapet with a modillion cornice and a fourth (attic) storey with another cornice. Most of the windows have architraves or pediments (either curved or triangular) and are straight-headed. A continuous cast-iron balcony, supported on brackets and separated at intervals by stuccoed piers, spans the houses at first-floor level. Number 38&#39;s entrance faces Dyke Road at Seven Dials and has a two-storey entrance porch with decorative mouldings and pilasters.</p><br>
<p>Portland Fire Station No. 7, located in southeast Portland in the USA state of Oregon, is a two-story structure listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1927, it was added to the register in 1989. It was the last of numerous Portland firehouses to be designed by fire chief and architect Lee Gray Holden, who died of a stroke while visiting the No. 7 firehouse in 1943. The building continued to be used by the city&#39;s Fire Department until the 1980s, when it was sold off and used as an automobile garage. It was acquired by a local developer in 2009, and was restored and remodeled for office and retail use.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The building is located at 1036 SE Stark Street in the Buckman neighborhood of southeast Portland. It comprises two main elements&mdash;the original 1927 masonry firehouse, and an adjacent wood-faced garage constructed to the east in 1964. The firehouse and garage together have a footprint of approximately 100 ft by 110 ft, of which the masonry building contributes roughly 50 by.</p><br>
<p>The exterior features of the masonry firehouse include a gable roof, a central gable dormer with a multi-pane oval window, skylights, and a red brick chimney. The firehouse, which has a full basement, rests on a concrete foundation. Two bays with garage doors and one bay with windows dominate the north face of the ground floor. Three second-floor bays match the first-floor bays, except that all have windows instead of doors. Two more doors open into the firehouse at the south end of the east façade. Many of the windows on both floors are paired.</p><br>
<p>The 1.5-story addition east of the firehouse originally housed a mechanic&#39;s garage, but the addition is not included in the historic registry listing.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The original structure was divided into office, dormitory, and vehicle areas. The first floor was used mainly for parking and servicing fire trucks and other vehicles, but included space for a handball court with an electronic scoreboard. Fire department staff lived on the second floor, with some personnel&mdash;presumably the chief and other senior staff&mdash;maintaining their own separate quarters.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Fire Station No. 7 is associated with Lee Gray Holden (1865–1943), a nationally renowned designer of firehouses. Built in 1927, the station was intended to serve as a state-of-the-art facility to house the fire departments headquarters on Portlands East Side. It originally housed the headquarters&#39; administrative and service functions, and was used as the service center for East Side fire vehicles. The building was the largest and last of the 24 firehouses designed by Holden, who served as battalion chief for the southeast sector of the city. It followed a semi-standardised layout that he had devised for his firehouses, with dormitories above the first-floor working space. Eleven of his firehouses still stand, of which No. 7 is the largest. In 1943, Holden died of a stroke while visiting the building.</p><br>
<p>The fire department continued to use the building for many years after Holdens death. It was expanded in the 1970s, and was used as a repair center and garage for the entire department until it was sold off in the 1980s. It was subsequently used as an automotive garage, before being abandoned in the late 2000s. Much of the interior is still intact; surviving features include the original partitioning walls and booths resembling telephone boxes which enclose the firemens poles. The scoreboard and other fixtures of the handball court are also still in place.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, Portland developer Venerable Development and partners acquired the property with a plan to renovate it and turn it into modern offices and retail space. The project incorporated both the original masonry building and the 1960s garage next door. The work, which took place between August 2009 and March 2010 at a cost of $3.8 million, restored the masonry building&#39;s exterior appearance to its historical condition and preserved the surviving interior fittings. The non-historical south-facing roll-up garage doors have been replaced with historically-accurate carriage doors, based on period photographs. The building is now used by small office and retail businesses.</p><br>
<p>The adjoining garage extension, which is not part of the protected historic property, has undergone more drastic changes in the course of its redevelopment for use as the headquarters of Bremik Construction. The original plywood facade has been replaced with a new masonry and storefront system, while its interior tongue-and-groove fir siding has been restored, and an expanded mezzanine has been constructed.</p><br>
<p>Hyndman Peak, at an elevation of 12,009 ft above sea level, is the ninth highest peak in Idaho and the highest point in the Pioneer Mountains, Sawtooth National Forest, and Blaine County. Hyndman Peak is located on the border of Custer and Blaine counties. The towns of Hailey, Ketchum, and Sun Valley are west of the peak.</p><br>
<p>The first recorded ascent of Hyndman Peak was made in 1889 by W. T. Griswold and E. T. Perkins. The primary route to the summit is class 2, which along with its proximity to Sun Valley makes it a popular destination.</p><br>
<p>The trailhead to hike to Hydman Peak is located at the end of Sawtooth National Forest road 203 along Hyndman Creek. The primary route is approximately six miles (9.5 km) one way from the trailhead and traverses through Hyndman Basin, which is bordered by Hyndman, Old Hyndman, and Cobb Peaks. The route follows an unmaintained trail and ascends the Hyndman-Old Hyndman saddle before reaching the summit.</p><br>
<p>Vernon Terrace is a mid 19th-century residential development in the Montpelier suburb of Brighton, part of the English coastal city of Brighton and Hove. Construction of the first section started in 1856, and the 37-house terrace was complete in the early 1860s. Architecturally, the houses divide into five separate compositions, although all are in a similar late Regency/Italianate style. This was characteristic of houses of that era in Brighton, and especially in the Montpelier area—where the Regency style persisted much later than elsewhere. Standing opposite is the landmark Montpelier Crescent, which had a view of the South Downs until Vernon Terrace blocked it. Three groups of houses in the terrace have been listed at Grade II by English Heritage for their architectural and historical importance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Brighton (originally known as Brighthelmston) developed as a large fishing and agricultural village on the English Channel coast. Despite intermittent periods of decline and destitution, it was the largest town in the county of Sussex by 1600. In the mid-18th century, the damaging economic effects of a terminal decline in the fishing industry were reversed by the new fashion for sea-bathing, and the towns new role as a seaside resort began. Northwest of the old town, around the parish church and the road leading to Devils Dyke and on to London, was an expanse of gently sloping downland known as Church Hill. It was given over to sheep-grazing and was owned by two prominent locals: MP Thomas Kemp and John Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset.</p><br>
<p>Helped by royal patronage (particularly from the Prince Regent) and good transport links to London and other important towns, By this time, Church Hill—ideally situated close to the sea and the towns main attractions, largely undeveloped and with a pleasant southwesterly aspect—was developing as a high-class residential area called Montpelier. Montpelier Road was laid out from 1820 as a major road running from the seafront to the Ditchling Road, past the house built in 1819 for the late Thomas Kemps son Thomas Read Kemp—who had become the main landowner in the area by inheriting his father&#39;s land.</p><br>
<p>Just north of Kemp&#39;s house was a large nursery and market garden owned by Parsons and Sons, described at the time as "well-known florists on the Western Road". The gardens were opposite Montpelier Crescent, a South Downs-facing development built between 1843 and 1847. In 1856, a trade directory stated that 16 houses had been built on the west side (Mid 19th-century Brighton was well known for its large number of educational establishments, especially boarding schools: it was sometimes nicknamed "School Town".)</p><br>
<p>The terrace was added to in the early 1860s when more houses were built to the north as far as the junction with Goldsmid Road, where a slightly older house (now numbered as 37 Vernon Terrace) already stood. This junction was remodelled in the late 19th century and became Seven Dials, a major roundabout where seven roads meet. By 1876, when the area was mapped by the Ordnance Survey, almost all of the formerly agricultural land of Church Hill had been built upon; but some fields remained immediately behind Vernon Terrace. This was filled in during the 1890s when the Edwardian-style red-brick houses of Vernon Gardens were built.</p><br>
<p>Notable residents of Vernon Terrace have included Eleanor Marx, daughter of Karl Marx, who lived at number 6 during the 1870s. By the early 21st century, all of the houses had become multiple-occupancy flats, but their modest front gardens survive.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage</h2><br>
<p>Three parts of Vernon Terrace have been listed at Grade II by English Heritage. This status is awarded to "nationally important" buildings of "special interest&quot as of February 2001 they made up three of 1,124 such buildings in the city. Numbers 1–6 and 7–16 were listed on 20 August 1971; number 37, at the north end of the terrace, was listed on 26 August 1999. Numbers 17 to 36 inclusive are not listed.</p><br>
<p>Vernon Terrace forms part of the 75.4 acre Montpelier & Clifton Hill Conservation Area, one of 34 conservation areas in the city of Brighton and Hove. This area was designated by the council in 1973. Brighton & Hove City Councils report on the areas character states that Vernon Terrace is "an imposing terrace of houses" which together with Montpelier Crescent "form a townscape of outstanding quality". Vernon Terrace is immediately opposite the crescent; its construction meant that Montpelier Crescent&#39;s previously uninterrupted views of the South Downs were permanently blocked.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The houses at the south end of the terrace (1–6) date from between 1856 and 1857, and those at numbers 7–16 are contemporary. Numbers 1, 6 and 7–16 rise to four storeys; the other houses have only three. All are stucco-clad and have cast iron balconies at first-floor level. The end house, number 1, has a two-window range and an entrance in Windlesham Avenue (with a three-storey canted bay window next to it. Numbers 2–6 each have three windows to each storey, but other differences include the detailing of the entrance porches: there are various combinations of single or double entablatures, pilasters, architraves and rustication, and the placement of the porches also varies. Continuous rustication spans all six ground-floor walls, though. Some windows are set in moulded architraves with pediments of various designs. A cornice runs above the top floor, but is not continuous and changes in style from flat to modillion. At numbers 7–16, standard features include straight-headed entrance porches, ground-floor rustication, three windows to each storey, many set in architraves with decorative moulding, and a continuous cornice and parapet. Number 8 has extra balconies at second- and third-floor level.</p><br>
<p>The unlisted houses at 17–36 have simple canted façades with sash windows. They date from the 1860s. At the north end, 37 Vernon Terrace is an older house (dating from 1850 or earlier) which was incorporated into the terrace. The main five-window façade is on Vernon Terrace, but there are two other elevations facing Seven Dials and Goldsmid Road; these have a canted bay window and architrave-framed windows respectively. The centrally placed entrance is set in an elaborate doorcase with pilasters, an entablature and a Doric frieze with triglyphs. All windows contain original sashes, and those to the first floor are set in architraves. The two bays to the left of the entrance form a full-height bow. Included in the English Heritage listing are the garden walls with a continuous balustrade and square piers at intervals.</p><br>
<p>Palgrave Pond  is a reservoir just northwest of the community of Palgrave in the Town of Caledon, Regional Municipality of Peel in the Greater Toronto Area of southern Ontario, Canada. It is adjacent to Ontario Highway 50  and was formed by the damming of the main branch of the Humber River, originally to create a mill pond. Each winter, the surface of the pond is transformed into a community skating rink available for recreational use . The rinks are created by local volunteer, Ken Hunt , and have appeared on the Mill Pond each winter since December 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The pond is on the main upper branch of the Humber river and is impounded by a modern concrete weir. The primary inflow, at the northwest, and outflow, at the southwest, is the Humber River, and the lake has a maximum depth of 1.1 m and an average depth of 0.5 m.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>There is a fishway with a viewing window at the dam to allow fish to bypass the structure. Twelve species of fish, for example the White Sucker, Brown bullhead and Golden shiner, have been found in the pond.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<h3>Recreation</h3><br>
<p>The ice rinks on the Mill Pond are created in late fall or early winter – as soon as the pond freezes deeply enough to support human traffic – and are maintained throughout the winter and into the early spring, for as long as the ice retains a safe thickness. The rinks are seldom left unused and on the weekends the mill pond is transformed into a postcard image of Canada when the rinks fill with families out to enjoy a leisurely skate or game of pond hockey.</p><br>
<p>The site usually offers several hockey rinks of varying sizes as well as a recreational skating loop. Facilities at the rinks include washrooms, benches for seating, and miscellaneous hockey equipment for hockey players to use. As the rinks are not maintained by local authorities, facilities are made available through funds raised by local organisations such as the Palgrave Rotary Club and through donations by families using the rinks.</p><br>
<p>The rinks are generally used for recreational skating and casual hockey games, but they also play host to winter parties and events. Pondfest was a 2007 Winter festival hosted by the Ontario ATV Search and Rescue Federation and supported by the Palgrave Rotary Club. In 2012 the venue will host the inaugural Kinsmen Canadian Pond Hockey Championship.</p><br>
<p>Although generally used by locals looking for some winter exercise, the picturesque and well-maintained rinks attract skaters from outside of the community, sometimes from as far off as Toronto. The popular rinks were even featured in the Toronto Star.</p><br>
<p>As the rinks are not maintained by local authorities, users skate on the rinks at their own risk. If the ice thickness level has been checked and deemed too thin for safe use, signs will be posted warning skaters off the rinks; however, these signs will appear only if ice thickness has been recently checked and so skaters must take all standard precautions when entering the ice surface.</p><br>
<h4>The Ice Angel</h4><br>
<p>The rinks on the Mill Pond are created and maintained by a Palgrave local, Ken Hunt, who is known as the “Ice Angel”. Hunt began clearing the rinks with his teenage children after searching unsuccessfully for another local public rink where they could skate and play hockey. Local residents soon noticed the new ice rink and flocked out to make use of it. Hunt then began expanding the skating area of the central hockey rink and built a loop around it where recreational skaters could skate without hockey players and skaters getting in the way of one another.</p><br>
<p>Mount Silali is a dormant volcano in the Gregory Rift Valley, near to Kapedo, Kenya. Silali is south of the Suguta Valley, which reaches northward to Lake Turkana, and is about 70 km north of Lake Baringo.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Mount Silali is part of a group of volcanoes, the others being Paka and Korosi, in the Loyamoruk Plains of the eastern Nginyang Division of Baringo County.</p><br>
<p>Silali is a recent volcano that became active from 400,000 to 220,000 years ago, and was still active 7,000 years ago. It is the largest caldera volcano in the Gregory Rift Valley. Its pre-caldera development began with mainly peralkaline trachyte lavas and pyroclasts, succeeded by mildly alkaline to transitional basalts. The basalts of the mountain are similar in composition to oceanic island basalts, but have a range of isotopes indicating a variety of origins.</p><br>
<p>The Kenya rift is oriented NS, and in the past the minimum horizontal tectonic stress direction was EW, the direction of extension. The alignment of rows of recently formed small vents, cones, domes and collapse pits in the Silali region indicates that the minimum horizontal stress direction has changed to NW-SE within the last half million years.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>Mean annual temperature in the Loyamoruk Plains is 26 &deg;C, rising to 40 &deg;C in the hot season. Rainfall averages 594 mm, with wide variations.</p><br>
<p>The thorn-bush savannah plain has no permanent source of water, with the Nginyang River flowing only after rains.</p><br>
<p>There are some highland pastures on Mount Silali with perennial grasses.</p><br>
<p>From oral accounts, the environment has become significantly drier in the last few decades, and with less grass and fewer types of grass.</p><br>
<h2>Energy potential</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is potentially a source of geothermal energy. There are hot springs at Kapedo to the west with temperatures of 45 &deg;C to 55 &deg;C. The eastern part has many fumaroles and hot and altered grounds with temperatures that range from 65 &deg;C to 90 &deg;C.</p><br>
<p>In September 2011 the Geothermal Development Company (GDC) of Kenya said that 19 companies had submitted bids to develop geothermal power plants at Lake Bogoria and at Silali. GDC intended to choose eight companies, each to build one 100 MW power plant. They expected the plants to start coming on line in 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital, also known as USPHS Hospital #43, was the United States’ first public health hospital, opened in 1902 and operating as a hospital until 1930. Constructed in phases, the facility encompassed both a general hospital and a separate pavilion style contagious disease hospital. The hospital served as a detention facility for new immigrants who were deemed unfit to enter the United States after their arrival; immigrants would either be released from the hospital to go on to a new life in America or sent back to their home countries. The hospital was one of the largest public health hospitals in United States history and is still viewed today as an extraordinary endeavor in the public health field. While the monument is managed by the National Park Service as part of the National Parks of New York Harbor office, the south side of Ellis Island has been off-limits to the general public since its closing. Efforts to restore the hospital buildings and others on the island are being made by government partner Save Ellis Island. In October 2014, the hospital opened to the public for small-group hard hat tours.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original immigration station on Ellis Island opened January 1, 1892, and processed 700 people that first day. In September of that year, the Hamburg-America steamer S.S. Moravia arrived at quarantine with several confirmed cases of cholera. Every ship arriving in the port of New York was held at quarantine before being cleared to land. Passengers found to have dangerous contagious diseases were taken off ships at quarantine and transferred to the hospital at either Hoffman or Swinburne Island. Twenty-four of Moravia&#39;s passengers were ill and twenty-two deaths had occurred during the voyage. Many were children. It was believed that the outbreak occurred due to the ship taking on contaminated water from the Elbe river. The threat of a pandemic caused all shipping traffic to be suspended. The backlog of ships held at quarantine and the lack of adequate medical facilities to handle the volume quickly precipitated the need for a more robust healthcare facility to treat immigrants and merchant marine sailors.</p><br>
<p>On June 15, 1897, the wooden immigration station on Ellis Island was destroyed by fire. Plans were immediately made to build a new, fireproof immigration station on Ellis Island. The Supervising Architect of the Treasury, James Knox Taylor had just been recently appointed, and was charged with undertaking the design of the new Immigration Station and all of the ancillary buildings. Utilizing the provisions of the Tarsney Act, Taylor decided to solicit designs from private architects via design competition. The winning entry was awarded to the architects William Alciphron Boring and Edward Lippincott Tilton, and included the Main Building, Power House #1, a Kitchen & Laundry building, General Hospital, and Surgeon&#39;s House. The island itself was to be increased in size utilizing landfill, with the hospital being located across a new ferry basin from the Main Building on its own island. This was in response to the prevailing germ theory that germs could not travel across a body of water.</p><br>
<p>With the completion of the Main Building in 1900 and the new hospital in 1901, the volume of immigrants was quickly overwhelming the facility&#39;s capacity. Plans were soon undertaken by James Knox Taylor to add a new Administration building, completed in 1907 and an additional hospital wing completed in 1909 to effectively double the number of wards. However more cases were arriving with contagious diseases, and plans were drawn up by Taylor and his staff as early as 1906 to construct a new Contagious Disease Hospital. Despite this, funding had not been appropriated by congress for the construction. Successive appropriations did not provide enough money to build the entire facility, and so a phased approach was implemented. The buildings sat vacant for two years until funding for the heating and electrical equipment was provided. As such the Contagious Disease Hospital was not completed or operational until 1911.</p><br>
<p>Ultimately over twelve million immigrants were processed through the new Ellis Island Immigration Center during its years of operation. Every immigrant had to go through a thirty-second health inspection upon arrival. Only third class or steerage passengers were inspected at Ellis Island, as first and second class passengers were inspected onboard ship by medical officers at quarantine. Tens of thousands of immigrants, or one out of every five, were pulled out of line for further evaluation and screening. Half were for legal reasons, and the other half received a chalk mark on their clothing, signaling a health deficiency. These immigrants were often sent on to the Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital to be detained until they recovered or were deemed too sick to enter the United States, in which case they would be sent back to their home countries. Sometimes an entire familys status could depend on the outcome of one family members illness. In some cases, it meant that the entire family had to return home or be separated. However, nine out of ten patients who entered the hospital were eventually cured and allowed to enter the United States. The care was not free. The first few weeks of care were paid for by the steamship companies, who were responsible for the welfare of their passengers until they were cleared to land. Part of their charge was to screen immigrants before they boarded ship at the port of departure. Thus if an immigrant was not cleared to land and was "excluded" at Ellis Island, they were deported at the steamship company&#39;s expense. Immigrants could post a bond at their own expense, or petition to receive treatment for extended illnesses. Only 1% of the 12 million immigrants who arrived at Ellis Island were deported due to medical reasons.</p><br>
<p>The Immigrant Hospital was initially staffed by the Marine Hospital Service, which became the USA Public Health Service. It was one of the first facilities in the country to employ a full-time female physician, Dr.. Physicians treated an incredible range of disease, from measles, tuberculosis, trachoma, scarlet fever, Favus, and diphtheria, to tropical diseases imported from the opposite side of the earth. The hospital was considered to be one of the most extensive public health systems in the world, using advanced methods in medicine that had just been introduced, such as fluoroscopy and an autoclave that could sterilize entire mattresses. For many immigrants, new medical equipment was unfamiliar and scary. According to one New York Times article, “those less fortunate had to submit to physical inspections that required stripping off all of one’s clothing – an entirely foreign concept, particularly to many immigrant women. Some immigrants had no idea what X-ray machines did; others were fearful that their clothing – or the money sewn inside its seams – would be stolen.”</p><br>
<p>By 1914, the hospital was fully operational; in that year, over 10,000 patients from 75 different countries were treated. In all years of operation, from 1902 to the 1930s, over 3,500 immigrants died at the Immigrant Hospital. Roughly half were children. However, 350 babies were also born on the island, and were often named after the nurses and doctors that helped deliver them. These included children of staff who worked on the island.</p><br>
<p>Now discredited, eugenic beliefs played a small role at the hospital. Dr. Henry H. Goddard established an intelligence testing program on Ellis Island during 1913. Doctors would use metal calipers to measure the circumference of immigrants’ heads, and immigrants of “superior racial stock” were often favored when entering the United States. Additionally, many immigrants were detained at Ellis Island for mental illness and placed in the hospital’s psychiatric ward. Some of the contemporary clinical classifications for mental illness are now archaic: idiot, imbecile, moron, or feeble-minded. It is likely that many of these immigrants were not actually mentally ill, but that cultural differences and a language barrier, as well as the immigrants’ anxiety about a new country, made them appear mentally ill. More objective testing methods were developed by Dr. Howard Andrew Knox to determine with increased accuracy whether an emigrant was mentally deficient. The Knox tests were effective in that they did not require specific cultural knowledge for successful performance. The Daughters of the American Revolution provided a robust for immigrants detained at Ellis Island. They also worked with U. S. servicemen, merchant seamen, and members of the USA Coast Guard. Some were suffering from shell shock.</p><br>
<p>Twenty years after opening, the hospital, as well as Ellis Island itself, was in decline due to tightening restrictions on immigration in the United States. In 1930, the hospital closed its doors. After the hospital was closed, the FBI occupied the space as an office through the 1930s. During World War II, disabled American servicemen were sometimes housed on the islands, as well as some German and Italian prisoners of war. After the war, many war brides were detained and sometimes treated on Ellis Island. During the 1940s, the hospitals were utilized to treat Merchant Marine sailors, Coast Guardsmen, and USA military personnel. During the postwar period, electroconvulsive therapy was employed as a method to treat mental illnesses. This was preferred over the archaic cold water bath therapy or, which could cause hypothermia.</p><br>
<p>In 1954, the islands were officially abandoned by the Coast Guard and declared “excess federal property”. In 1996, the World Monuments Fund listed the hospital as one of the world’s 100 Most Endangered Properties, a warning echoed by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, which put the buildings on the list of “most endangered historical places in the United States.”</p><br>
<p>A study conducted by the New York Landmarks Conservancy estimated that with about $3 million of federal funding, the Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital could be stabilized for the next 15 years. According to the Conservancy, 15 years would allow time to develop a long-term preservation plan.</p><br>
<h2>Design features</h2><br>
<p>The present day footprint of the island is 27 1/2 acres, as opposed to the original 3.3-acre natural island. Originally constructed as three separate islands, the Ellis Island Immigrant Hospital consisted of 22 buildings spread over the southern two islands. The islands were man-made, using excavated fill and concrete from the New York City subway system, as well as other building demolition spoils. The fill was retained with a system of wood piles and cribbing, and later encased with more than 7,700 linear feet of concrete and granite sea wall, placed atop either wood piles, cribbing, or submerged bags of concrete. The second ferry basin between islands 2 and 3 was filled in in the 1920s to create the great lawn.</p><br>
<p>The main building of the general hospital originally consisted of 120 beds and was eventually expanded to three times that size. Original concepts for the hospital included a rooftop bistro style sitting and recreational area. With the Administration Building and Hospital Extension, the general hospital comprised four operating rooms, a women&#39;s ward, a pediatric ward, a maternity ward, and a psychiatric ward. It was equipped with two birdcage elevators. Wards were open, and had lots of windows for ventilation and natural light. Each ward was also provided with a south-facing porch for fresh air, and activity. The operating rooms were located on the third floor, and had skylights in order to provide the best lighting possible. Supplemental lighting was provided via I.P. Frink.</p><br>
<p>The Hospital Laundry Outbuilding is located adjacent to the Psychopathic Ward, and served the important role of infection control. An industrial laundry, it was equipped with two smith drum machines, an extractor, soap cooker, and a large press called a mangle. It utilized steam from the powerhouse to aid in disinfection. Processing up to 3,000 pieces of laundry per day, the building also had quarters for the laundry staff on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The psychopathic ward, built 1906–07, housed thirty beds and was intended for the "temporary treatment" of immigrants suspected of being insane or having mental disorders, pending their deportation, hospitalization, or commitment to sanatoria.</p><br>
<p>The contagious disease hospital comprised 17 pavilions, connected with a center structural corridor. Each pavilion contained separate hospital functions that could be sealed off from each other. Utilizing the principles espoused by Florence Nightingale nearly 50 years prior to its design, the hospital is a mature example of the pavilion style of hospital planning. The pavilions include: eight Measles wards, three isolation wards/ staff quarters, a power house/ sterilizer/ autopsy theater & staff quarters, mortuary, laboratory & staff quarters, administration building/ staff quarters, kitchen, & staff house. Capacity was 450 beds. There were four operating rooms and an elevator in the Administration Building. The autopsy amphitheater which contained an eight-cadaver refrigerator, became a well-known teaching hall, drawing medical observers from teaching hospitals in the United States and Europe. Eventually, the hospital boasted 28 wards, including separate wards for men, women, children, surgery patients, and the insane.</p><br>
<p>During its peak years, the hospital employed over 300 doctors, nurses, and other staff, many of whom lived in dormitories on the islands. Red Cross workers also volunteered frequently, with a special focus on making the hospital more comfortable and enjoyable for the immigrant children. A hospital school taught children about personal hygiene, neatness, and good manners.</p><br>
<h2>Documentary</h2><br>
<p>Forgotten Ellis Island, a documentary by Lorie Conway, explores the abandoned buildings on the island and covers the history of the hospital. Conway also tracked down immigrants and descendants of immigrants who had spent time in the hospital and discussed their experiences with them. The film premiered on Ellis Island and was later shown on CBS in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Main Street–Black River Bridge is a bridge located on Main Street over the Black River in Ramsay, Bessemer Township, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1884, the village of Ramsay (now an unincorporated community) began developing around Hubbard and Weeds sawmill on the Black River. The mill burned in 1889, but by that time Ramsay was home to the company headquarters of and workers from the nearby Castile Mining Company. At the turn of the century, Ramsays Main Street was carried over the Black River by an older truss bridge; by the end of the 1910s, the bridge was deteriorating and was a bottleneck for vehicular traffic. The Gogebic County Road Commission asked the state to help fund a replacement bridge, and in 1922 engineers from the Michigan State Highway Department designed a bridge to span the Black river, designating it Bridge File No. 270103. A contract for $19,455.14 was awarded to Paul N. Massie of nearby Bessemer, who completed construction in 1923. Since that time, the Main Street–Black River Bridge has been essentially unalterd, and continues to carry vehicular traffic.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Main Street–Black River Bridge is a concrete through girder bridge, with a main span length of 50 ft and a complete structure length of 130 ft. The structure is 27 ft wide, of which 22 ft is the roadway. Three concrete girders carry the roadway: a central 50 ft girder, and two 40 ft girders on each end. The girders sit on tapered concrete piers. Panels are recessed in the girder walls, which are capped with heavy concrete corbels. Bronze plates stating "State Reward Bridge" are mounted on each sidewall.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>By 1923, the concrete through girder bridge design used for the Main Street–Black River Bridge was a well-tested standard design. The Michigan State Highway Department had first delineated this type of structure in 1913-14, and used them for "spans from thirty to fifty feet in both the eighteen and twenty-foot clear roadway from curb to curb," as stated in their Seventh Biennial Report. The Highway Department used this design until about 1930, and in that span designed and built perhaps hundreds of them through the state. Most of this type of bridge were single-span structures; the triple-span design and tapered piers of the Main Street–Black River Bridge mark it as a noteworthy example of the design&#39;s potential. The bridge is visually striking when views from the river, and is historically important for enabling local vehicular transportation. Other than minor concrete spalling, the bridge is essentially unaltered and remains in good condition.</p><br>
<p>Black Loch  is a freshwater loch, named from its dark waters, situated in the East Ayrshire Council Area, between Cumnock and New Cumnock, lying in a glacial Kettle Hole mainly within the Parish of New Cumnock, a small portion protruding into Old Cumnock Parish. It is said to be one of only two lochs or lakes in the world that have outflows running to two separate destinations. The Runner is a deep and broad ditch that was dug many years back to link the three lochs of Lowes, Black, and Creoch.</p><br>
<h2>The loch</h2><br>
<p>The Black Loch, just over 400 metres long, is the deepest of three linked lochs within the Parish of New Cumnock. It is unusual in that its northerly outflow is into the Glaisnock Water, flowing into the Lugar Water, the River Ayr, finally emptying into the Firth of Clyde, whilst the southerly outlow runs into the River Nith and thence into the Solway Firth. The Segsy Burn is a minor inflow from the north-west and the Polquhap enters at the north-west, rising from Glaisnock Moss.</p><br>
<p>McMichael records that in wet weather the three lochs combined as one and suggests that until the trap dyke on the River Nith below Corsancone Hill wore down, the Cum Loch covered the whole area as far as the watershed at Sannock Hill and had a shape and surface area similar to Loch Doon.</p><br>
<h3>Cartographic evidence</h3><br>
<p>Robert Gordons map of 1636-52 shows only a single loch in the area with an ouflow only, running into the River Nith. Blaeus map of 1654, based on the earlier map by Timothy Pont, also shows a single loch named Loch of the Lowis (sic), however a Black Loch section is recorded at the northern end. John Adairs map of 1685 shows a single L of Lon. Roys map of 1747 does not show Black Loch, however it is clearly marked on Armstrongs map of 1775, with two islands erroneously indicated. Thomsons 1832 map shows three additional minor inflows.</p><br>
<h2>Lairds of Boreland</h2><br>
<p>The loch lay within the Lands of Boreland, held by the Hamilton family since circa late 14th to early 15th centuries. A George Hailton of Boreland was the second son of Sir David Hamilton of Cadzow. The family held the lands until in 1669 Hugh Hamilton of Boreland left the lands to his grand-daughter Margaret, the heiress of this cadet branch of the family. Hugh Montgomerie of Prestwickshaws, a descendent of the Eglinton Montgomeries, married Margaret and sold his lands of Prestwickshaws to one Robert Wallace. The Montgomeries of Boreland held these lands until 1751 when the property passed to the Montgomeries of Coilsfield, who sold it to various parties. In 1790 the lands were purchased by the Earl of Dumfries, however by the 1860s the lands were owned by the Marquis of Bute.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>The Blackloch Burn, controlled by a sluice at the loch&#39;s northerly outflow, ran as a lade to the site of the old Borland Mill and its millpond. By 1895 the OS map shows the millpond in use a reservoir only and the loch with marginal vegetation around its peripherary.</p><br>
<h2>Micro-history</h2><br>
<p>The Earl of Dumfries proposed to make a cut from the River Nith in New Cumnock through the Loch o th Lowes and Creoch Loch to the Black Loch in order to provide a supply of water to power a factory he intended to build on the Glaisnock Water. This would have resulted in part of the waters of the River Nith flowing onto the Clyde rather than the Solway, however the development was never carried to fruition.</p><br>
<p>Fanciful imagination has pictured a trout swimming up the River Ayr, passing into the Lugar Water at Barskimming, entering the Black Loch via the Glaisnock Water and thence into the Black Loch. The second outflow from the loch would carry the trout into Creoch Loch, then into the Loch o th Lowes, the River Nith and finally into the Solway Firth after a journey of around seventy miles.</p><br>
<p>Creoch Loch , previously known as Little Creoch Loch, is a freshwater loch in the Parish of New Cumnock in the East Ayrshire Council Area between Cumnock and New Cumnock, Scotland. It is located in a glacial kettle hole and is one of three linked lochs.</p><br>
<h2>The loch</h2><br>
<p>McMichael records that in wet weather the three lochs combined as one and suggests that until the trap dyke on the River Nith below Corsancone Hill wore down the Cum Loch covered the whole area as far as the watershed at Sannock Hill and had a shape and surface area similar to Loch Doon.</p><br>
<p>Creoch Loch is recorded as being just over 600 metres long. Robert Gordons map of 1636-52 shows a single loch with an outflow to the River Nith. Blaeus map of 1654, based on the earlier map by Timothy Pont, also shows a single loch named Loch of the Lowis, however a Black Loch section is recorded at the northern end.</p><br>
<p>The Creoch Loch is said to take its name from Creoch Farm which in turn is named for the Gaelic word crioch, meaning boundary.</p><br>
<p>The Runner is a deep and broad ditch that was dug many years back to link the three lochs of Lowes, Black, and Creoch.</p><br>
<p>The Lowes Burn was canalised and diverted away from the loch.</p><br>
<h3>Cartographic evidence</h3><br>
<p>Blaeus map of 1654, based on the earlier map by Timothy Pont, shows a single loch named Loch of the Lowis, with a Black Loch section recorded at the northern end. Two dwellings named Krioch are shown on this map, an Over and a North Krioch. John Adairs map of 1685 shows a single L of Lon. Roy&#39;s map of 1747 shows the loch near Little Creoch.</p><br>
<p>Armstrongs map of 1775, shows the loch with Lochside erroneously located on its shoreline and with no islands. Thomsons 1832 map shows two additional minor inflows.</p><br>
<p>The 1897 OS map shows no islets and no boathouse. A path at this point also runs from Little Creoch Farm to Lochside House with stepping stones over the loch outflow, the runner that passes into the Loch o th Lowes.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>Curling matches were held on the loch in 1829 and 1861, matches being Auchinleck vs Cumnock. A boat house is shown on the 1857 OS map, near the northern end of the loch, and close to the inflow from the Black Loch. Regular local curling matches were held on the loch, usually at Christmas or New Years day.</p><br>
<p>The Runner is a deep and broad ditch that was dug many years back to link the three lochs of Lowes, Black, and Creoch.</p><br>
<h2>Micro-history</h2><br>
<p>The Earl of Dumfries proposed to make a cut from the River Nith in New Cumnock through the Loch o th Lowes and Creoch Loch to the Black Loch in order to provide a supply of water to power a factory he intended to build on the Glaisnock Water. This would have resulted in part of the waters of the River Nith flowing onto the Clyde rather than the Solway, however the development was never carried to fruition.</p><br>
<p>Fanciful imagination has pictured a trout swimming up the River Ayr, passing into the Lugar Water at Barskimming, entering the Black Loch via the Glaisnock Water and thence into the Black Loch. The second outflow from the loch would carry the trout into Creoch Loch, then into the Loch o th Lowes, the River Nith and finally into the Solway Firth after a journey of around seventy miles.</p><br>
<p>The 1864 OS map shows the main line railway cutting between Black Loch and Creoch Loch, running from the east to the western lochshore of Creoch Loch.</p><br>
<p>Loch o th Lowes , Lochside or Meikle Creoch Loch is a freshwater loch in the Parish of New Cumnock in the East Ayrshire Council Area, Scotland. One of three linked lochs, it is overlooked by the A76 road and is located in a glacial kettle hole.</p><br>
<h2>The loch</h2><br>
<p>McMichael records that in wet weather the three lochs combined as one and suggests that until the trap dyke on the River Nith below Corsancone Hill wore down the Cum Loch covered the whole area as far as the watershed at Sannock Hill and had a shape and surface area similar to Loch Doon.</p><br>
<p>Loch o th Lowes, in New Cumnock Parish, situated at the foot of Lowesmuir. A Middle English derivation of the name is suggested to be law, meaning low or alternatively the name Lowes is derived from the personal name Lothus, brother of Urien of Rheged. The Loch of Flames has also been suggested. Another derivation may be a duplication, the word itself being a form of loch.</p><br>
<p>A Loch of Lowes is located in the River Tay Basin near Perth and a Loch of the Lowes is found near Selkirk in the River Tweed basin. Lowes Loch in North Ayrshire is said to have derived its name from the Celtic for Hill.</p><br>
<p>The name Lochside is derived from the shooting lodge, now a hotel (2011), built by the Marquis of Bute.</p><br>
<p>The Runner is a deep and broad ditch that was dug many years back to link the three lochs of Lowes, Black, and Creoch.</p><br>
<p>The 19th century OS maps indicated two islets, one small and close to the southern lochshore and the other larger and near the western lochshore.</p><br>
<h2>Cartographic evidence</h2><br>
<p>Robert Gordons map of 1636–52 shows a single loch with an ouflow only, running into the River Nith. Blaeus map of 1654, based on the earlier map by Timothy Pont, also shows a single loch named Loch of the Lowis (sic), however a Black Loch section is recorded at the northern end. John Adairs map of 1685 shows a single L of Lon. Roys map of 1747 shows a loch named Loch Side. Armstrongs map of 1775 shows a Lows loch with no islands indicated. Thomson&#39;s 1832 map shows a Lochside Loch with one inflow and a single island.</p><br>
<p>The 1857 OS map shows a Lochside Loch with two islets and a peninsula that is nearly a third islet. A significant area of wetland adjoins the loch with a minor ironstone pit located within it near Meikle Creoch Farm.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>The owners of Lochside House at one time held the sporting rights of the loch. A boathouse was located at Lochside. Perch, pike, and eels were common in the loch. The approximate depth of the loch was four feet over quite a large area, making swimming relatively safe.</p><br>
<h2>Natural history</h2><br>
<p>A pair of great crested grebes nested here in the 20th century and other species present were the reed warbler, coaltop, snipe, meadow pippet, lapwing, etc.</p><br>
<h2>Micro-history</h2><br>
<p>The Earl of Dumfries proposed to make a cut from the River Nith in New Cumnock through the Loch o th Lowes and Creoch Loch to the Black Loch in order to provide a supply of water to power a factory he intended to build on the Glaisnock Water. This would have resulted in part of the waters of the River Nith flowing onto the Clyde rather than the Solway, however the development was never carried to fruition.</p><br>
<p>Fanciful imagination has pictured a trout swimming up the River Ayr, passing into the Lugar Water at Barskimming, entering the Black Loch via the Glaisnock Water and thence into the Black Loch. The second outflow from the loch would carry the trout into Creoch Loch, then into the Loch o th Lowes, the River Nith and finally into the Solway Firth after a journey of around seventy miles.</p><br>
<p>Love records that a witch, transformed into a hare, was shot by a young man at Lowes Farm and the inevitable curse was prevented by the firing of a piece of silver at the exact spot where the animal had been wounded.</p><br>
<p>The Hopewell Baptist Church in northwestern Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, also known as Church at Edmond and as Teepee Church, was designed by architect Bruce Goff. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The teepee-shaped building was constructed by members of the church, who worked on evenings and weekends from 1947 to 1951 to build it. The peak, which is about 80 feet high, is an open metal bellfry containing no bell and 12 triangular windows. The base was finished with native rock and sheet metal.</p><br>
<p>The nave of the church was arranged in the round. The lower level held classrooms.</p><br>
<p>The exterior support structure features 12 exposed tapered trusses made of welded steel drill-stem pipes and painted russet color and secured by a compression ring.</p><br>
<p>The 12 supports were nicknamed after the Twelve Apostles.</p><br>
<p>The building cost $20,000, and Goff reduced his fee for the design and for supervising the construction to $1,200. The design was intended to be imaginative on a frugal budget, using surplus pipe and corrugated aluminum from oil fields, volunteer labor to weld the pipes and build the church, and local supplies like rock from quarries in nearby Calumet, Oklahoma.</p><br>
<h2>Closure</h2><br>
<p>In 1989, the building was closed due to water leaks, which developed after asbestos insulation had been removed, and due to the high cost of heating and cooling a building with no insulation.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>Asbestos was removed in 1999. The Hopewell Heritage Foundation was formed in 2005 to raise $1.25 million to restore the church, plus money to pay for maintenance. The restoration effort is being led by Elliott and Associates Architects of Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>The roof was replaced in late 2013 by Jenco Roofing Company to prevent further decay.</p><br>
<p>The Riverside Studio in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, also known as Tulsa Spotlight Club or Spotlight Theatre, was built in 1928. It was designed by architect Bruce Goff in International Style. It was built as a house with a studio wing for a music teacher named Patti Adams Shriner. The Riverside Studio was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2001 under Criterion C.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Piano studio</h3><br>
<p>Riverside Studio was adorned with several unique artistic features. These included a large, circular front window, a fountain designed by Italian sculptor, Alfonso Iannelli, black glass and green marble fireplaces, Japanese wall coverings made from wood veneer, and a series of nine murals that Goff commissioned from Oklahoma artist Olinka Hrdy, Facing bankruptcy during the Great Depression, Ms. Shriner lost ownership of the building in 1933. It went through a series of a series of receivers, and sat vacant until actor Richard Mansfield Dickinson bought it for only $2,500 in 1941.</p><br>
<h3>Spotlight Club</h3><br>
<p>Since 1953, Dickinson&#39;s Tulsa Spotlight Club has used the building to present his adaptation of the 19th-century temperance melodrama The Drunkard. In 2008, Charles Conrad, then board chairman of the Spotlighters, wanted to restore the building to its original condition, plus bring the electrical and mechanical systems up to date. However, the estimated cost for this work was $700,000, far more than the Spotlighters could afford. In 2012, he indicated that the club had repaired the leaky roof, remodeled the bathrooms and converted an upstairs bedroom to a library.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, actor-director Joe Sears, best known for his co-creation of the Greater Tuna stage trilogy (and for the Tony nomination he received in 1985 for his performance in A Tuna Christmas), took charge as the production&#39;s new director. The play has been performed almost every Saturday night for six decades, and the company claims it to be the longest-running stage production in America.</p><br>
<h2>Building design</h2><br>
<p>This building is a two-story structure dug into a hillside facing west across Riverside Drive toward the Arkansas River. Located on an 0.86 acre tract, it has a flat roof and stucco exterior. The NRHP application says that the two-story entrance hall is, "... the most prominent feature of the building." Two sets of external stairs lead to a common landing that accesses a foyer. The large, flat, circular window in the front of the foyer is considered a primary decorative feature of the building. Other front windows are stepped and have alternating inserts of black glass to provide a diagonal pattern.</p><br>
<p>Behind the foyer is an auditorium (recital hall), in which the audience would face eastward toward the stage, in the next wing of the building. The one-story auditorium has three sets of double doors on the north and south sides. The auditorium, as a connecting element between the entrance hall and living quarters, is relatively narrow and this geometric configuration defines partially enclosed patio areas on both north and south elevations of the building. The wing east of the auditorium houses the recital stage. A small service area and kitchen is at the north end of the stage, while a living room, garage, and servant quarters are at the south end. This end of the wing is two stories high, with a small part extending to three stories.</p><br>
<h2>Subsequent alterations</h2><br>
<p>The original living room walls were paneled with wood imported from Japan, the ceiling was decorated with aluminum leaf and the room had a fireplace decorated with green marble and black glass. As mentioned above, there were four murals in the recital hall that had been painted by Olinka Hrdy. These features were no longer present at the time the NRHP application was submitted. The Iannelli-designed fountain had been dismantled. Side doors of the recital hall had been blocked by air-conditioning ducts that had been installed during a later period. The NRHP review committee determined that these changes did not negate the assignment of Category C.</p><br>
<p>Alamo Mocho,  was a watering place on the eastern route of the El Camino Viejo, seven miles northeast of Alamo Solo Spring within the Avenal Gap on the south end of the Kettleman Hills of Kern County, California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name of this watering place on the eastern route of El Camino Viejo comes from the lone Cottonwood tree at that arid site that had its lower branches cut off to feed draft animals or provide wood for fires, sometime before the Americans came to California. Alamo Mocho was the first watering place beyond Alamo Solo Spring on the eastern route that then passed to the east and followed the shore of Tulare Lake, proceeding northward across the Kings River to settlements on the Fresno Slough and San Joaquin River before it turned back to rejoin the main route at Arroyo de Panoche Grande.</p><br>
<p>When Frank F. Latta visited the site the early 1930s the cottonwood that had stood at the location was gone, the waterhole that was within 100 yards of the Hanford - Paso Robles Road was dried up, and a ranch had been established close by. Its location appears on a 1914 USGS Topographic map of Lost Hills where the site of the ranch house is indicated near the old highway within the Avenal Gap.</p><br>
<p>Today the ranch is gone and the California Aqueduct passes just south of the old site of Alamo Mocho.</p><br>
<p>The Coco Plum Womans Club is a historic womens club located at 1375 Sunset Drive in Coral Gables, Florida. The club was founded in 1912 with eight members; it was named for the local cocoplum fruit. While the club was originally based in one of its members&#39; houses, it built its own clubhouse in 1913. Its historic Mediterranean Revival clubhouse was built in 1926. The club participated in homefront efforts during both World Wars; its work with the American Red Cross during World War II was well-regarded within Florida. During peacetime, the club has served as a community library, a social venue for meetings and dances, a clinic, and a pre-school.</p><br>
<p>The clubhouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 17, 2005. It is part of the Clubhouses of Floridas Womans Clubs Multiple Property Submission. The building is currently used as an event hall as well as a clubhouse.</p><br>
<p>The Devereaux House in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, also known as the Staines-Jennings Mansion, was built in 1857 for William Staines. It was designed by William Paul. The house was expanded by William Jennings, mayor of Salt Lake City from 1882 to 1885, again using Paul as the architect. Devereaux was a social center for the Salt Lake City area, hosting distinguished visitors. Brigham Young&#39;s son Joseph Angell Young owned the house for a short time.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is Victorian in character, with evidence of French-influenced detailing. It is built of brick with cement plaster overlay. A mansard roof forms the third floor. A wide porch wraps around the south and east sides. The grand house and its large yard have been preserved in the middle of the city without a perimeter fence, so the yard has the appearance of a park. William Jennings expanded and landscaped the grounds. The house is surrounded by larger and newer structures including Vivint Smart Home Arena, the Triad Center, and the Salt Lake City Union Pacific Depot and the surrounding The Gateway development.</p><br>
<p>The interior features a large stair hall with a drawing room to the left and a library to the right. To the rear of the parlor lies a banquet room, and a dining room is behind the library. The second floor has many bedrooms, and the attic houses servants&#39; quarters and a billiard room. The house was noted for the high quality of its woodwork and appointments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was the first to be built on a scale that could be described as a "mansion" in the Salt Lake Valley. It was a social center for the area, and was the scene of a meeting between Brigham Young and Governor Alfred Cumming to resolve the Utah War. The house was purchased for $20,000 by Youngs oldest son, Joseph Angell Young in 1865. Young sold the house for $30,000 in 1867 to local entrepreneur William Jennings who added to the house. Jennings, believed to be the Salt Lake Valleys first millionaire, named the house "Devereaux" for a family property at Yardley, Birmingham in England. Jennings lived there with his wives Jane and Pricilla, who had eleven and fourteen children respectively. Jennings was visited at the house by Secretary of War William Seward and General Philip H. Sheridan in the 1860s, and by General William Tecumseh Sherman in the 1870s, whose visits implied a tolerance of Mormon polygamy in Utah by federal officials. Following Jennings&#39; death in 1886 the house passed through several hands, and was at one time an alcohol treatment facility, the Keely Institute. At a later time it accommodated offices for a mining equipment company.</p><br>
<p>The State of Utah acquired the property in the 1970s and approved the use of public funds to restore it in 1978, but a tragic fire in 1979 almost resulted in its demolition. It was ultimately restored in the early 1980s and served as a reception center and home of the Chart House restaurant. The LDS Church acquired it in 2005 and maintains it as a historic site with occasional use for receptions and other events.</p><br>
<p>Devereaux House was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Mount Iyogatake is a mountain on the border of the city of Minamibōsō, Chiba Prefecture, Japan with an altitude of 336.6 m. Mount Iyogatake is at the west of the Mineoka Mountain District of the Bōsō Hill Range, in close proximity to Mount Tomi. The mountain takes its name from its resemblance to Mount Ishizuchi in Ehime Prefecture, formerly in Iyo Province.</p><br>
<p>Mount Iyogatake is one of the few mountains in the Bōsō Hill Range with steep rock cliff. It can be easily climbed within 40 minutes. The entrance to the path of the mountain is between Heguri Elementary School and the Heguri Tenjin Shrine. Mount Iyogatake offers a clear view of the other mountains of the Bōsō Hill Range and Tokyo Bay, and on clear days Mount Fuji and the Izu Islands are also visible.</p><br>
<p>Mount Iyogatake and the Heguri Tenjin Shrine are associated with a legend of a tengu, a supernatural creature found in Japanese folklore.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The path to the peak of Mount Iyogatake is accessible by bus from the JR East Uchibō Line Iwai Station in Minamibōsō.</p><br>
<p>Starkweather Hall, also known as Starkweather Religious Center, is a religious and educational building located at 901 West Forest Avenue in Ypsilanti, Michigan, on the campus of Eastern Michigan University. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1972 and is the oldest building on EMU&#39;s campus.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Students Christian Association at Eastern Michigan University (then Michigan State Normal School) was begun as the Students Prayer Meeting in 1853, the same year the school itself opened. Meetings were held in assembly or classrooms of the school. In 1881, the society reorganized as the Students Christian Association, and they were granted a room in the campus conservatory building as a meeting place. the funds were disbursed in late 1895. Detroit architects Malcomson and Higginbotham were hired to design the building, and it was constructed in 1896 at a cost of slightly over $11,000. The Starkweather Religious Center was dedicated on March 26, 1897. When it was constructed, it was the only religious center at any teachers college in the United States. After construction, it was leased to the Universitys Students Christian Association.</p><br>
<p>The Students&#39; Christian Association was disbanded in the 1920s, but Starkweather Hall continued to be used by a succession of religious organizations. The building was renovated in 1961 by Jinkling and Lyman of Birmingham, Michigan. In 1976, the Office of Religious, which used the building at that point, was closed. The building was again remodeled, and used by public relations services. As of 2013, it is used by the Graduate Office.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Starkweather Hall is a two-story Richardsonian Romanesque structure built of squared fieldstone, covering approximately 62 ft by 56 ft. It is asymmetrical, with an octagonal sandstone tower on one corner and a gable over the front entrance. Fishscale orange tile covers the top halves of the other facades. On the interior, the first floor originally contained dining/reception rooms, a kitchen, a dressing room, a library, and a few classrooms. The rooms were delineated by partitions that could be rolled open to create a larger space. The second floor originally contained a large assembly room and a caretaker&#39;s room. Hardware was designed especially for the building, and some original doorknobs, marked "SCA," still remain.</p><br>
<p>The Daen Lao Range  is a mountain range of the Shan Hills in eastern Burma and northern Thailand. Most of the range is in Shan State, with its northern limit close to the border with China, and runs southwards across the Thai border, at the northern end of Thailand.</p><br>
<p>Geologically in the Daen Lao Range, as in the other southern subranges of the Shan Hills, layers of alluvium are superimposed on hard rock.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The range extends east of the Salween until almost reaching the Golden Triangle area, separating the Salween watershed from the Mekong watershed. At its southern end the Thanon Thong Chai Range (เทือกเขาถนนธงชัย) subrange stretches further southwards into Thailand between the Sai River in the east and the Pai River in the west; the latter separating the Daen Lao from the Thanon Thong Chai Range. Some geographers include the Thanon Thong Chai Range subrange as part of the Daen Lao Range. The Khun Tan Range also extends southwards from the Daen Lao Range, parallel to the Thanon Thong Chai mountains, but it differs geologically and structurally from the latter.</p><br>
<p>The name "Lao" in the range name is a Thai Yuan word possibly not related to the country of Laos. The western end of the range is not clearly defined. Elevations range between 400–2,500 m. The highest point is 2,563 m Loi Pangnao in Burma, with a prominence of 1,596 m, one of the ultra prominent peaks of Southeast Asia. On the Thai side the highest point is 2,285 m Doi Pha Hom Pok. Doi Chiang Dao (2,175 m), Doi Puk Phakka (1,794 m), Doi Nang Non, a karstic formation in Chiang Rai Province, Doi Tung, Doi Ang Khang and Doi Wao, where Wat Doi Wao is located, as well as the mountains surrounding the village of Santikhiri (Doi Mae Salong) are also part of this range.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Historically the area has been sparsely populated. Only some hill tribes such as the Wa, Akha, Yao, Lahu, and the Lisu people lived in scattered small villages across the range.</p><br>
<p>In 1605 King Naresuan of Ayutthaya marched his armies across the Daen Lao Range to rescue the Shan King of Hsenwi, but he died during his journey across the mountains. Many Shan people believe King Naresuan was cremated in the Daen Lao Range, in the southern part of Shan State, and his ashes interred in a stupa in Mongton.</p><br>
<p>Until the 1990s one of the main crops at elevations above 1,000 m was opium. On the side of the range controlled by the Thai government, construction of roads reaching remote areas and increasingly efficient policing ensured a measure of success of the opium replacement programs in recent years.</p><br>
<p>Owing to the unrest in Burma, the National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA) and other groups sought refuge and a base for their insurgency in these mountains. Fighting and the ensuing persecution by the Tatmadaw have caused part of the original population to flee. Some refugee camps have been established for cross-border refugees on the Thai side of the range. Some Kayah and Karen communities, like the "long-necked Karen", are regularly visited by organized tourist groups.</p><br>
<p>The Ang Khang Royal Agricultural Station is in the mountains of the range. It was founded in 1969 by the King of Thailand and is notable for its temperate climate that allows the cultivation of flowers and fruits characteristic of cooler climates.</p><br>
<p>In March 2011 there was a magnitude 5 earthquake in the Burmese side of the range with the epicenter north of Chiang Rai town. There were over 70 deaths and more than hundred wounded.</p><br>
<h2>Protected areas</h2><br>
<h3>Burma</h3><br>
<p>Loimwe National Park</p><br>
<p>Pasa Wildlife Reserve</p><br>
<h3>Thailand</h3><br>
<p>Lam Nam Kok National Park</p><br>
<p>Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary</p><br>
<p>Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park</p><br>
<p>Huai Nam Dang National Park</p><br>
<p>Pha Daeng National Park</p><br>
<p>Tham Pla–Namtok Pha Suea National Park</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Jambai  is a 1 km village in Tirukkoyilur  taluk in Villuppuram  district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The major occupation of the people living at this place is agriculture and handloom. In 2011, it had a population of 2,000 people.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Jambai got its name from Jambunatheshwarar temple, a Chola period (Shiva) temple. According to the inscriptions present inside the temple, this village was called as Valayur during the Parantaka Chola I period. Hence, "Jambai" might be a later name to this village.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Jambai is located on the northern bank of the river, Thenpennai. It is 19 km northwest of Tirukkoyilur and 25 km south of Thiruvannaamalai.</p><br>
<h2>About the village</h2><br>
<p>Jambai village has more-than-1000-year-old heritage. At Jambai, Saivism, Jainism, Buddhism and Saktism prevailed. In 2006, a beautifully carved 10th century A.D. Buddha sculpture was stolen from the middle of the Fort area paddy field. There are two Siva temples, One Saptamatrika shrine, one Ayynar temple on the hill and other Ayyanar temple in north east corner of the village. Jain Tirthankara relief carving is seen in the hill on the way to Pallichandal. The importance of the village comes from the presence of the Shiva temple called Jambunatheshwarar temple and Jambaimalai containing 1st century B.C.E. Tamil Brahmi inscriptions, Jain abode, caves and beds.</p><br>
<h2>Jambunatheshwarar Temple</h2><br>
<p>In Tamil, this temple is called Thanthondreeswarar temple (தான்தோன்றீஸ்வரர் கோயில்). This Shiva temple was built by Cholas during 10th century. The temple walls contain full of Tamil vattezhuttu inscriptions of Cholas. This place was under Rashtrakuta rule during the mid 10th century, the statues of Lord Muruga, Jyestha Devi, Kalabairavar, Durga belonging to Rashtrakuta architecture, are found inside the temple. Since the temple become very old and damaged, reconstruction works are carried by local people of Jambai now.</p><br>
<h2>Jambaimalai</h2><br>
<p>This is a small hillock in the north east of the village. Between a split area of this hillock there are signs of megalithic period settlement. This beautiful hillock contains a cavern called Dasimadam where Tamil Brahmi inscriptions dated 1 BC is found. The epigraph is in Tamil (except for the title in Prakrit) and reads "Satiyaputo Atiyan Nedumaan Anjji itta Paali". In (ஸதியபுதோ அதியந் நெடுமாந் அஞ்சி ஈத்த பாழி). The meaning of the epigraph may be rendered as "The abode (pali) given by (itta) Atiyan Nedumaan Anji (name), the Satyaputra (title)". Though the record is a short one in a single line, it throws valuable light on various aspects of South Indian history. The inscription clears the doubt about the identity of the Satyaputras, a dynasty of rulers, mentioned in Ashoka&#39;s inscriptions in the 3rd century. Opposite to this cavern, another cave with four Jain stone beds have been found which confirms that Jambai was a Jain centre. West of this hillock in a small stone boulder, a 10th-century C.E. Tamil inscription of Kannaradeva or Krishna III, a Rashtrakuta king, found along with a relief work of Jyestha Devi. South of this inscription a lake for irrigation was constructed.</p><br>
<h2>Pictures</h2><br>
<p>Oakwood Hall, Bingley, West Yorkshire is a 19th-century mansion with substantial interior fittings by the Victorian architect William Burges. The hall was constructed in 1864 by Knowles and Wilcox of Bradford for Thomas Garnett, a prosperous textile merchant. The style is "conventionally dour Gothic"</p><br>
<p>Garnett had the interiors designed by Burges, who contributed a fireplace, and by Morris & Co., for whom Edward Burne-Jones created the stained glass St. George in the staircase window, whilst Morris himself has been credited with the surrounding images of The Four Seasons.</p><br>
<p>The Hall is a Grade II Listed Building as at 6 November 1973 and is now a hotel.</p><br>
<h2>The Garnett family</h2><br>
<p>Thomas Garnett (1833-1916) who built Oakwood Hall in 1864 was born in 1832 in Otley. His father was Peter Garnett who owned the large Wharfeside Paper Mill in the town. In the 1850s he went into partnership with John Lawson Gillies to form the firm called Gillies Garnett and Co. They were cloth merchants and silk dyers. When Gillies died in 1879 Thomas became the sole owner of the company.</p><br>
<p>In 1862 he married Fanny Riley (1843-1916) who was the daughter of Joshua Healey Riley, a company owner in the textile business. Soon after he commissioned architects “Knowles and Wilcox” to build Oakwood Hall. William Morris and William Burges were employed for the interior fittings of his new family home. William Morris is attributed with the design of the stained glass windows at the top of the stairs on the first floor landing above the entrance. These show St George flanked by female figures of the Four Seasons as well as depicting Chaucer flanked by the heads of four female Chaucerian Heroines. These windows have been described as “some of the finest early stained glass by Morris and Co. that has yet been discovered.”</p><br>
<p>The couple had six children. Thomas continued to manage his textile firm until about 1900. He also became a Director of the Bradford Banking Company and of the Hull and Barnsley Railway Company. His wife Fanny died 30 March 1916 and only a few days after her burial Thomas died. Their youngest son Harold Addison Garnett lived in the house for several years and then in about 1920 it was sold to the Hanson family.</p><br>
<h2>The Hanson family</h2><br>
<p>Jonas Hanson (1869-1951) bought Oakwood Hall in about 1920. His story was amazing as he started life in very humble circumstances as a worker in a textile mill. The 1891 Census shows that he is employed as a “weaving overlocker”. He learnt the complexities of the textile industry and in 1903 foundered one of the largest cloth companies in Bradford called Parkland Manufacturing Company which still exists today.</p><br>
<p>He was born in 1869 in Silsden, Yorkshire. His father Joshua Smith Hanson was a canal worker. In 1897 he married Sarah Jane Kay and the couple had three sons. He was a keen gardener and became President of the Bingley and District Allotment Association. He was also President of the Bingley Building Society for many years and of the Keighley Golf Club. He was President of the Shipley Division of the Conservative Club and held numerous garden parties for the Club at Oakwood Hall.</p><br>
<p>He died in 1951 at the age of 82 and in the following year his sons sold Oakwood Hall. The sale notice for the property is shown. It was bought by a company who made extensive additions and opened the property as the Oakwood Hall Country Club. This Club operated until about 1980 and then became a hotel.</p><br>
<p>Agios Nikolaos is a village in Laconia, southern Greece, part of the municipality Monemvasia. Its population in 2011 was 650. The original name of the village dating back in the 17th Century was "Panagia" from a homonymous temple of Virgin Mary. Most of the inhabitants trace their ancestry from the Western parts of Crete that was occupied by the Ottomans in 1669 resulting to a wide refugee influx in the Vatica area. Moreover, people from the island of Kythera started populating the village from the early 19th Century and onwards. Known families include "Nychas" family presumably indigenous since the 17th Century, "Pavlakis" Cretan ancestry and "Michaletos" Venetian ancestry coming from Crete as well. The village has a strong diaspora concentrated in Australia and Pretoria -South Africa.</p><br>
<p>Tongue Bay  is located in northwest Highland, Scotland, in the western part of the former county of Sutherland. Skullomie is a small fishing and crofting hamlet at the head of the bay, while Melness is a group of crofting townships west of it. Talmine, a crofting and fishing township, is situated on Talmine Bay, an inlet on the western shore of Tongue Bay. The Rabbit Islands are three, uninhabited islands across from the bay; Eilean nan Ròn  is at its mouth. From Tongue Bay, the coast extends to the northwest and the east. In general, it is high and rocky, and is intersected by several small creeks. Rocks along the coast are hollowed into caves, or formed into arches and pillars. The tides follow the direction of the coast nearly from east to west. The Shamrock, a 19th-century sloop located within the bay, is protected by Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, as is Scullomie Harbour, also within the bay.</p><br>
<p>The Philo Reed House is an historic house at 38 Main Street in Fort Fairfield, Maine. Built in 1907 to a design by Coombs and Gibbs, it is one of the towns grandest houses, a transitional combination of Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styling. It was built for Philo Reed founder of one of the nations largest seed potato companies of the time. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in April 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Reed House is set on the north side of Main Street (Maine State Route 161), near the eastern edge of Fort Fairfield&#39;s village center. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with asymmetrical massing characteristic of the Queen Anne style. Its prominent features include a three-story turret at the right front corner, a cross-gable roof with dormers and extended modillioned gable eaves, and a porch, supported by Colonial Revival Tuscan columns, that wraps around the front and left side. The interior of the house has high-quality Colonial Revival woodwork, including the stairway newel post and balustrade, and fireplace mantelpieces. Original doors include sections of patterned beveled glass.</p><br>
<p>The house was designed by the Lewiston firm of Coombs and Gibbs, who were responsible for a number of commercial and civic buildings in Fort Fairfield. The house was built for Philo Reed, who came to Aroostook County in 1885 and established a highly successful business in the development and sale of seed potatoes. His descendants, who continue to run the business, include John H. Reed, a Governor of Maine.</p><br>
<p>The Benjamin C. Wilder House is an historic house at 1267 Main Street  in Washburn, Maine. Built about 1852, it is a well-preserved example of mid-19th century vernacular architecture in northern Aroostook County, built in the first decade after widespread settlement began of the area. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It is now owned by the local Salmon Brook Historical Society and operated as a historic house museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Wilder House is located in the center of the rural village of Washburn, set back from the east side of Main Street on the north side of the town common, which is bounded on its south by Wilder Street. It is a 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide and a single room deep, with a side gable roof, clapboard siding, and a foundation of granite and concrete blocks. Oriented to face south, the main facade has a single-story porch, supported by Tuscan columns, that extends across its full width and around to the west side. The main entrance, which is like the windows simply framed, stands in the rightmost bay. A single gabled dormer projects from the roof. A kitchen ell extends to the rear of the main block, with dormers on both sides of its gable roof, and a porch on the east side. The interior has well-preserved original plaster-and-lath walls, and an original staircase leading to the attic level.</p><br>
<p>Widespread settlement of the interior of northern Aroostook County was delayed due to uncertainties surrounding the border with neighboring New Brunswick, which threatened war in the 1830s and were resolved by the 1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty. Washburn was probably settled soon afterward, with Isaac Wilder one of its first settlers. His nephew Benjamin probably built this house around 1852, the year of his marriage. Wilder was a merchant and farmer in the community. The house was sold by his heirs in 1920 into the Jardine family, who sold it to the Salmon Brook Historical Society. The Society operates the house as a mid 19th-century period historic house museum, with the Aroostook Agricultural Museum, which is housed in a nearby barn.</p><br>
<p>Mount Kipipiri is an isolated volcano in the Wanjohi Valley, on the Kinangop Plateau near to the Aberdare Range.</p><br>
<p>It is about 20 mi northeast of Lake Naivasha, which is visible from the summit.</p><br>
<p>Wildlife includes Colobus and Sykes monkeys, elephants and buffalo and abundant birdlife.</p><br>
<p>The name of the mountain means "butterfly" in the Gikuyu language, a reference to its profile from a distance.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Kipipiri Forest Reserve is part of the Aberdare National Park.</p><br>
<p>In 2005 it was estimated that the 43 km&sup2; forest reserve was home to about 13 elephants.</p><br>
<p>In June 2009 lengthy negotiations were concluded over the alignment of a wildlife corridor between Kipipiri and the main Aberdare park, with plans to fence the corridor.</p><br>
<p>Grids of rolling bars with gaps between them replace the fence at the points where roads cross the corridor, forming an obstacle that cars can cross but that wildlife will not attempt. This keeps the wildlife, particularly elephants, away from farmers&#39; fields.</p><br>
<p>Glen Rock Historic District is a national historic district located at Glen Rock in York County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 287 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 4 contributing structures in the central business district and surrounding residential area of Glen Rock. The houses are mostly 2 1/2-story, vernacular wood frame buildings, built between 1838 and 1945, with some notable Queen Anne and Bungalow/craftsman style dwellings. Notable buildings include the Philip Shaffer House , the "Castle" , Peoples Bank of Glen Rock , Glen Theatre , Glen Rock Hose and Ladder Company , Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church , Immanuel United Methodist Church , Industrial Sewing Company , Glen Traditionals building , and Accufab building . A contributing structure is the Northern Central Railway bridge .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Hanover Historic District is a national historic district located at Hanover in York County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 2,632 contributing buildings, 4 contributing sites, 3 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object  in the central business district and surrounding residential area of Hanover. Most of the buildings date between 1870 and 1946, with some notable Colonial Revival, Queen Anne, and Pennsylvania German vernacular style frame and brick buildings. Notable contributing buildings include the Forney House , Evangelical Brethren Church Rectory , Hanover Shoe Store , Sheppard and Myers Building , M&#39;Calister Inn , Peoples Bank building , Hanover Broad Silk Works , Myers and Sheppard Residence , Emmanuel United Church of Christ , Union Station , Bank of Hanover , and Hanover Public Library . The contributing structures are two natural gas pumping stations  and a railroad freight car . Located in the district and separately listed are the Eichelberger High School, George Nace  House , and USA Post Office.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>Red Lion Borough Historic District is a national historic district located at Red Lion Borough in York County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 1,482 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 2 contributing structures in the central business district and surround residential areas of Red Lion. Most of the buildings are residential and primarily date between 1880 and 1935, and include notable examples of the Colonial Revival and Italianate styles. Notable non-residential buildings include the Red Lion Table Company building , Red Lion Cabinet Company building , C.H. Foreman cigar factory , W.M. Gemmell & Company factory , Consolidated Tobacco Company , E.A. Strobeck & Company factory, Roser Building , Odd Fellows Hall , Sheeler&#39;s General Store , Bethany United Brethren Church , Junior-Senior High School , Hill School , USA Post Office , and Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad Station . Located in the district and separately listed is the Consumers Cigar Box Company.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Kinangop Plateau is a region in Kenya that lies between the Kenyan Rift Valley to the west and the Aberdare Range to the east. It takes its name from Kinangop Mountain, which rises in the Aberdares to the east.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The edge of the plateau is about 2,400 m in elevation. The plateau is relatively flat, sloping gradually upwards towards the foothills of the Aberdares.</p><br>
<p>Rainfall is around 1,000 mm annually, with more rainfall in the north than the south.</p><br>
<p>Streams that feed the Malewa and Karati rivers have cut into the plateau. These rivers in turn flow into Lake Naivasha.</p><br>
<p>Soils include ando‐luvic and verto‐luvic phaeozems.</p><br>
<p>At one time the plateau was almost completely covered in tussocky grassland with very few trees. The stream valleys had many tussocky bogs.</p><br>
<h2>Colonial era</h2><br>
<p>After a railway was built, in the 1920s to 1940s the Wanjohi Valley became a British settler community that gained notoriety as the "Happy Valley set". The immigrants bought land at low cost to raise sheep and cattle, built comfortable houses and engaged in a lifestyle characterized by partying and loose sexual morals.</p><br>
<p>Idina Sackville, a member of this set, bought a plot on the side of the Kipipiri Mountain, which rises above the plateau, building a house called "Clouds" that became notorious for parties involving drug use and promiscuous sex.</p><br>
<p>Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll, a member of this set, was shot dead in 1941.</p><br>
<p>During the Mau Mau emergency between 1952 and 1960, huge areas of the "White Highlands" were designated prohibited or restricted to non-Europeans. The Aberdares, Kinangop plateau and Mount Kipipiri were among these. Any African found in the area could legally be shot on sight. Their presence justified "reasonable suspicion" that they were terrorists.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The plateau has been settled by Kikuyu farmers since the 1960s. They have ploughed much of the land to grow maize, wheat, cabbage and potatoes. They have replaced the tussocks by grasses that are easier for livestock to eat, and have planted woodlots across the plateau. The wetlands have mostly been drained.</p><br>
<p>Where drainage has not been deliberate, the trees planted for poles and firewood have absorbed the water.</p><br>
<p>Farm lots are being broken up to be divided between family members. The trend is away from animal husbandry and towards more intensive cultivation of food crops and cash crops.</p><br>
<p>Mount Kipipiri is a cone-shaped extinct volcano that rises from the plateau in the north. It is part of the Aberdare National Park. The mountain is completely ringed by an electric fence. In June 2009 lengthy negotiations were concluded over the alignment of a wildlife corridor between Kipipiri and the main Aberdare park, with plans to fence the corridor.</p><br>
<p>Grids of rolling bars with gaps between them replace the fence at the points where roads cross the corridor, forming an obstacle that cars can cross but that wildlife will not attempt. This keeps the wildlife, particularly elephants, away from farmers&#39; fields.</p><br>
<p>Pleasureville Historic District is a national historic district located at Springettsbury Township in York County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 105 contributing buildings and one contributing site in the crossroad community of Pleasureville. Most of the buildings are residential include 19th century vernacular dwellings with notable examples of early 20th century Colonial Revival and Italianate style dwellings. Notable non-residential buildings include a former schoolhouse , meeting hall , former store and accessory shop , and small industrial shop . The contributing site is the Pleasureville Cemetery with 72 marked graves dating between 1865 and 1929.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Spring Grove Borough Historic District is a national historic district located at Spring Grove Borough in York County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 199 contributing buildings in the central business district and surround residential areas of the paper mill borough of Spring Grove. Most of the buildings date between 1880 and 1900, and include notable examples of the Queen Anne, Georgian Revival, and Italianate styles.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Aldine Apts, Main St, Spring Grove, YorkCo PA.JPGAldine Apartments</p><br>
<p>Glatfelter House, Main St, Spring Grove, Yorkco, PA.JPGGlatfelter house</p><br>
<p>Glatfelter House 2, Main St, Spring Grove Yorkco, PA.JPGGable of the Glatfelter house</p><br>
<p>School,East St, Spring Grove, YorkCo PA.JPGSchool on East Street</p><br>
<p>School griffen, East St. Spring Grove, YorkCo, PA.JPGGriffen at the East St. school</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart N Main, Spring Grove, YorkCo PA.JPGSacred Heart Church on Main St.</p><br>
<p>York Historic District is a national historic district located in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of York in York County, Pennsylvania. It is north of the Springdale Historic District. The district includes 309 contributing buildings and includes notable examples of the Late Victorian and Classical Revival styles. Notable buildings include the Christ Lutheran Church , Odd Fellows Hall , USA Post Office , Strand and Capitol Theatre , Elks Home , Pullman Factory Building , Sylvia Newcombe Center , Friends Meeting House , William C. Goodridge house , Otterbein United Methodist Church , St. John&#39;s Episcopal Church , Lafayette Club , National Hotel , Bon Ton , and Pennsylvania Central Railroad Station . Located in the district and separately listed are the Barnett Bobb House and Gen. Horatio Gates House and Golden Plough Tavern.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, with a boundary increase in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Sinking Springs Farms is a historic farm and national historic district located at Manchester Township in York County, Pennsylvania. The district includes 32 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 17 contributing structures. The district includes the Manor House Demesne, four farmsteads, and a Radio Broadcast Complex. The manor house dates to 1900, and is a -story, Colonial Revival-style dwelling modified in 1936-1941. Farmstead #1 includes the earliest buildings, dated to about 1841. Farmstead #2 includes a Shingle Style dwelling designed by noted architect John A. Dempwolf and built about 1893. Farmstead #3 has a -story, banked Pennsylvania German dwelling built about 1845. Farmstead #4 has a -story, banked Georgian-plan dwelling built about 1845. The Radio Broadcast Complex includes a -story, brick Colonial Revival-style office building and four radio towers, and used as a radio station from the 1940s until 1990.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Sinking Springs Farm Emigsville PA.JPGBarn off Sinking Springs Road</p><br>
<p>The Chief Mountain Border Station and Quarters is a customs station on the Canada–United States border in Glacier County, Montana. Located on Montana Highway 17, the station is operated seasonally, primarily for tourist traffic between Glacier National Park in Montana and Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta. The station is named after Chief Mountain, a prominent peak in the vicinity. The station is owned by the General Services Administration and operated by the USA Customs Service, and is located within the boundaries of Glacier National Park. The station is a notable example of the National Park Service Rustic style and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Chief Mountain International Highway was completed in 1936. The customs station was built in 1939, designed by A. Paul Brown of the National Park Service. The 1-1/2 story structure is built of wood frame on a rubble stone foundation. The lower level is framed with posts and beams, while the upper portion is of light frame construction. The station is now sheathed in aluminum siding that mimics wood lap siding. The wood shingle roof was stained green, but has weathered to a natural gray. There are four stone chimneys. The interior retains much of its historic fabric, although almost all light fixtures have been replaced.</p><br>
<p>The main building is built into a hillside sloping away from the road. Built roughly in the form of a T, the building&#39;s roof extends over the road to form a large porte-cochère. The main level features a lobby with immigration and customs desks on the side facing the road, with two one-bedroom apartments on the rear extension. The second floor contains two studio apartments and a one-bedroom unit. The basement houses utility spaces and prisoner holding cells. A nearby garage housing inspection bays with pits for the inspection of the undersides of vehicles.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>The Chief Mountain Customs Station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 20, 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Status</h2><br>
<p>The Chief Mountain crossing is typically open only from mid to late May to late September or October, during daylight and evening hours, based on weather conditions.</p><br>
<p>Mifflin County Courthouse is a historic courthouse building located at Lewistown, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1842-1843, and is a 2 1/2-story, brick building in the Greek Revival style. It is three-bays wide and the original building measured 48 feet by 82 feet. It was enlarged by 48 feet to the rear in 1878. It features a pedimented entryway with two engaged pilasters and prominent cupola.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse has been updated and restored, with the second floor courtroom restored to a late 19th-century appearance. The building features large art works of local significance, and hosts the offices of the Mifflin County Historical Society, the area chamber of commerce and Downtown Lewistown, Inc.</p><br>
<p>Wollner Building is a historic commercial building located at Lewistown, Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, on Monument Square across from the Mifflin County Courthouse. It was built in 1906, and is a three-story, vernacular brick building with a chamfered corner measuring approximately 30 feet by 90 feet. It sits on a rusticated stone base and has three wood storefronts. Its significance lies in its architecture, its connection with the urbanization of Lewistown, and its association with Calvin Greene, a prominent local businessman and founder of the Lewistown Trust Company, which was housed there for many years. Many locals remember the ground floor as Headings Drug Store. It was there into the 1960&#39;s. Currently, the building houses the Seven Mountains Medical Center on the first floor with private apartments on the second and third floors.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
